小麦耐盐基因挖掘和种质鉴定及创制研究
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 小麦;;耐盐性;;耐盐机制;;基因挖掘;;种质鉴定
期刊名称:科技导报
ISSN: 1000-7857
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版)
摘要: 小麦作为全球主要粮食作物之一,其生产受到土壤盐渍化的严重威胁,全球约 10%~20% 的小 麦种植面积正遭受盐胁迫的影响。盐胁迫通过渗透失衡、离子毒性和氧化损伤三重机制抑制小麦生 长,而小麦作为盐敏感作物,其耐盐遗传基础狭窄,制约盐渍化土地产能提升。近年来,小麦耐盐的分 子机制和生理生化机制逐渐得到揭示,然而耐盐性与产量等农艺性状协同优化和盐胁迫响应复杂性仍 是主要挑战。综述了小麦响应盐胁迫的生理生化机制、分子调控网络、耐盐遗传基础、耐盐新基因的发 掘与利用,以及耐盐育种策略与新品种选育等方面的研究进展,并对该领域目前存在的传统育种的范 式与瓶颈、关键耐盐基因的鉴定与克隆、基因工程与编辑技术的应用以及多学科技术的系统性整合等 问题进行了剖析。鉴于植物盐胁迫响应机制的复杂性,以及小麦耐盐基因挖掘与功能鉴定的难度,需 要整合多组学研究技术挖掘小麦耐盐基因,并将其他植物中鉴定的重要耐盐基因及时用于小麦耐盐性 改良。
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