数字农科院2.0

土壤农药残留物的微生物修复研究进展

文献类型: 中文期刊

关键词: 农药残留 ;;微生物降解 ;;降解机理 ;;定殖 ;;降解菌剂

期刊名称:生物技术通报/Biotechnology Bulletin

ISSN: 1002-5464

年卷期: 2025 年

页码:

收录情况: EI(2025版) ; ; 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)

摘要: 农药残留是当前威胁土壤生态环境与农产品安全的重大挑战。微生物降解因其高效性与环境友好性,已成为农田污染修复领域的研究热点,并展现出广阔的应用前景。本文系统阐述了农药降解菌的研究与应用进展,主要内容包括以下方面:在降解菌筛选方面,总结了从传统富集培养到微流控单细胞筛选等多种策略,提升了高效降解菌株的获取效率与多样性;在降解机理层面,深入解析了关键降解基因功能、胞内/外酶的催化机制以及共代谢途径的增效作用;在生态过程方面,重点探讨了降解菌通过趋化感应与生物膜形成在根际与叶际的定殖机制及其后续响应,并进一步解析了降解菌依靠鞭毛运动的主动迁移和借助水力等环境因素的被动迁移途径;在降解菌剂应用技术方面,综述了液体与固体菌剂的制备工艺及其优缺点,分析了菌剂在实际应用中面临的环境适应性、定殖效率及生态互作等挑战。文章最后指出,未来应通过剂型创新和植物-微生物互作机制的深化研究,提升菌剂的田间稳定性与降解效能,推动该技术的规模化应用与农业绿色发展。

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