数字农科院2.0

温性典型草原优势植物叶际微生物群落对放牧的响应

文献类型： 中文期刊

关键词： 典型草原;;放牧;;叶际;;微生物;;功能类群

期刊名称：中国草地学报

ISSN： 1673-5021

年卷期： 2025 年

页码：

收录情况： 北大核心（2023版） ; ; CSCD（2025-2026年度） ; ; 科技核心（2024版） ; ; 农林核心（2024版）

摘要： 草地植物对放牧的响应及其后续生长状况对维持生态系统稳定具有重要意义。叶片作为放牧的主要受体，其生长状况不仅受外界环境的调控，还受到其表面叶际微生物代谢活动的显著影响。为探究我国北方温性典型草原优势植物叶际微生物群落特征对放牧的响应，本研究利用高通量测序技术，分析了羊草（Leymus chinensis）、大针茅（Stipa grandis）和糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa）3 种优势植物的叶际细菌和真菌群落多样性及其群落特征。结果表明：（1）在放牧及围封条件下，3 种植物叶际细菌群落均以变形菌门（Pseudomonadota）、厚壁菌门（Bacillota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）为优势门类；真菌群落以子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为优势门类。在羊草叶际细菌群落中，放牧干扰显著降低了变形菌门的相对丰度，这种变化为其他微生物类群的定殖提供了生态位机会；同时放牧条件下，其叶际真菌群落中的圆孢线黑粉菌属（Filobasidium）相对丰度显著下降，这一变化可能降低了植物的病害发生风险。（2）放牧条件下，叶际环境中的特有菌种有所增加，在羊草叶际细菌群落中，首次检测到热袍菌门（Thermotogota）的存在；同时，在糙隐子草叶际真菌群落中，新发现了梳霉门（Kickxellomycota）的定殖。这些新增的菌种可能对叶际微环境的适应性和功能具有重要影响。（3）叶际真菌功能分类对放牧及宿主种类的响应更为明显，在放牧条件下，病原真菌的相对丰度有所下降，而益生菌的比例则有所增长，表明放牧可能通过改变叶际微环境间接抑制了病原菌的生长。综上所述，放牧通过改变宿主植物及其叶际微环境，直接影响了叶际微生物群落的结构，导致微生物多样性增加以及益生菌比例的上升。

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