应用最小数据集法评价长期养分不均衡对贵州烟田土壤质量的影响
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 长期施肥;;最小数据集;;土壤质量评价;;烤烟
期刊名称:植物营养与肥料学报
ISSN: 1008-505X
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)
摘要: 【目的】长期不均衡施肥是导致植烟土壤养分失衡,从而威胁土壤质量和烟叶生产的主要因素。本研究 旨在通过构建植烟土壤质量评价模型、最小数据集 (MDS)及评价模型,将构建的模型应用于长期不均衡施肥的 定位试验中,探究长期养分不均衡投入对烟田土壤性质及综合质量的影响。【方法】根据2022年贵州烤烟种植 区划,在主要烟区采集100组具有代表性的植烟土壤样品,测定其物理、化学和生物学指标共27个。使用主成 分分析结合指标隶属度函数构建总数据集 (TDS)评价模型,并分别使用主成分分析和逐步回归分析筛选最小 数据集,构建基于最小数据集的植烟土壤质量评价模型。同时,结合长期养分不均衡投入试验,包括不施肥 (CK)、仅施氮肥 (N)、施氮磷肥 (NP)、施氮钾肥 (NK)和均衡施肥 (NPK) 5个处理,测定土壤质量评价指标并代 入模型分析。【结果】1) 土壤有机质、黏粒、酸碱度、粉粒和总氮等为植烟土壤质量评价的高权重指标,是影 响植烟土壤质量的重要环境因子。2) 贵州植烟土壤质量总数据集土壤质量指数 (TDSSQI)介于34.71~75.40,平 均为61.16,适宜烤烟种植。3)相较于逐步回归分析,基于主成分分析构建最小数据集获取的土壤质量指数 (MDSSQI)与TDSSQI更为接近 (相关系数r = 0.81,P<0.001),最小数据集指标按权重由大到小依次为:交换性 钙 (Ca)、有效磷(AP)、碱解氮(AN)、粉粒、黏粒、平均重量直径(MWD)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、有效铁 (Fe)、全钾(TK)、速效钾(AK)、碳氮比(C/N)和有效钼(Mo),最小数据集评价模型为:MDSSQI=9.918f(Ca) +9.619f(AP) + 9.357f(AN) +9.354f(粉粒) +9.923f(黏粒) +8.94f(MWD) +8.746f(MBC) +8.178f(Fe) +7.834f(TK) +7.455f(AK) +7.312f(C/N) +4.057f(Mo) 。4) 相较于均 衡施肥处理 (NPK),长期养分失衡均会显著提高土壤pH值 (P<0.05),降低微生物活性,同时NK处理显著降低 有机质及有效硫、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌和有效磷含量 (P<0.05);NP处理显著降低粉粒、速效钾和多种中微 量元素含量,显著增加黏粒含量 (P<0.05);N与CK处理显著降低有机质、速效养分和多种中微量元素含量 (P<0.05),但对MDS中的交换性钙、碳氮比、平均重量直径等影响较小。5) 相较于NPK处理,NK、NP、 N和CK处理的TDSSQI和MDSSQI分别显著降低了9.12%、12.17%、19.08%、22.60%和13.97%、12.11%、 28.29%、33.12% (P<0.05)。【结论】基于12个核心指标构建的最小数据集,不仅保证了土壤质量评价结果的可 靠性,也显著降低了评价成本。应用该数据集进行分析表明,长期养分失衡导致贵州烟田土壤酸碱度上升、微 生物活性下降,显著改变了土壤质地和养分含量,从而降低了土壤整体质量,并削弱了其可持续生产能力。
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