中国耕地保护与建设:时空分异、阶段特征和制度完善探讨
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 耕地保护;;耕地建设;;时空格局;;高标准农田;;粮食安全
期刊名称:中国农业资源与区划
ISSN: 1005-9121
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; CSSCI(2023-2024版) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)
摘要: [目的]通过分析我国耕地总量变化、耕地空间布局以及粮食生产格局的动态变化规律,从耕地质量建设和新时期耕地保护与建设、制度完善等方面,分析农田水利建设、改土培肥、高标准农田、黑土地保护、盐碱地改造利用、土壤资源调查以及科技创新投入等多个方面的影响因素,旨在为我国耕地质量提升、耕地资源管理与优化提供系统依据和科学参考。[方法]基于1949—2023年我国耕地面积数据、三次国土资源调查的31个省份耕地面积、粮食播种面积和产量等数据,综合运用Arcgis、统计分析等方法,揭示长时序耕地保护与建设动态变化及其影响因素。[结果](1)从全国耕地数量时间变化来看,近37年耕地面积总体上稳定维持在20亿亩左右,但年际间动态变化大,可划分为持续增加、连续减少和大体平衡阶段。(2)从耕地面积和粮食生产格局来看,过去23年间,耕地面积重心向北方16个省份迁移,东部、中部和西部省份均不同程度减少,只有东北地区呈现净增加趋势;13个粮食主产省粮食总产占全国80%以上,其中内蒙古和东北三省面积占比从不足1/4上升到1/3以上。(3)从耕地保护与建设来看,农田水利建设不同阶段侧重点不同,改土培肥举措主要在盐碱地治理和实施有机质还田2个方面;新时期耕地保护与建设主要在完善耕地保护制度,优化保护建设政策以及加大建设投入3个方面,对高标准农田建设、黑土地保护、盐碱地综合治理、耕地质量调查与科技创新支撑等多方面系统展开。[结论]在保障粮食安全的战略背景下,我国对耕地保护与建设方面的投入力度显著增加,但在科技创新支撑耕地保护与建设方面还在探索阶段,未来应关注守牢耕地数量和做好耕地优化布局、持续加强高标准农田建设、强化土壤普查成果总结和应用、探索耕地长效保护机制等方面,从问题导向和需求导向凝练“十五五”耕地领域专项的重点方向,为我国耕地支撑保障粮食安全和产能提升提供理论和决策依据。
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