数字农科院2.0

复合隔层对盐碱土水分入渗、蒸发及水盐分布的影响

文献类型： 中文期刊

关键词： 盐碱土;;隔层;;水分入渗;;水分蒸发;;水盐迁移

期刊名称：中国农业科学

ISSN： 0578-1752

年卷期： 2025 年

页码：

收录情况： 北大核心（2023版） ; ; CSCD（2025-2026年度） ; ; 科技核心（2024版） ; ; 农林核心（2024版）

摘要： 【目的】探究复合隔层对盐碱土水分入渗、蒸发及水盐分布调控机制，为盐碱地改良提供理论依据。【方法】选取内蒙古五原地区典型盐碱土，开展室内土柱模拟试验。设置4 种处理：CK （无隔层）、JG（秸秆隔层）、SC（混合砂层）、JS（混合砂层和秸秆组合隔层），对比研究复合隔层和单一隔层对土壤水分入渗过程、蒸发过程以及盐分变化的影响。【结果】湿润 锋运移至40 cm 处，隔层处理较CK 延长3.5%—10.6%，穿过隔层时延长13.8%—55.2%，JG 处理到达100 cm 土层的时间分别较CK、SC、JS 处理延后780、540、120 min。入渗结束后，0—40 cm 土层JG、SC、JS 处理的土壤平均含水量较CK 处理分别提高22.9%、18.7%和21.9%。在0—40 cm 土层，隔层处理的土壤含盐量较CK 降低了18.6%—29.6%；40—70 cm 土层 JS 处理的脱盐率最高，较CK 降低49.4%；70—100 cm 土层各隔层处理含盐量均低于CK 处理，JS 处理降幅最大。在连续45d 蒸发过程中，铺设隔层显著抑制累积蒸发量，CK 蒸发量为572 mm，JG、SC、JS 处理分别降至194、235、205 mm，较CK降低66.1%、58.9%、64.2%。45 d 连续蒸发过程中，各处理0—100 cm 剖面含水量整体随深度递减，在0—40 cm 土层，CK含水量随蒸发时间延长持续下降，第15、30、45 天分别为23.4%、21.0%、21.6%，JG、SC、JS 处理较CK 降低了14.6%—33.8%、11.2%—17.0%、14.9%—30.3%，JG 与JS 处理降幅显著大于SC 处理；在45—60 cm 土层，隔层处理含水量高于CK 处理，第15 天JG、SC、JS 处理分别提高4.8%、3.7%、5.4%。蒸发过程中各处理0—100 cm 剖面盐分整体呈“上低下高”分布，在0—40 cm 土层，JG、SC、JS 处理的土壤平均含盐量分别较CK 降低35.0%—70.3%、19.1%—51.4%、32.8%—62.7%；在40—70cm 土层，各处理盐分先升后降，JG、SC、JS 处理较CK 处理提高10.6%—14.4%；在70—100 cm 土层，JG、SC、JS 处理的土壤平均含盐量较CK 处理降低8.4%—28.3%。【结论】综合来看，在盐碱土壤中铺设隔层能够有效调控水盐分布，混合砂层和秸秆组合隔层在抑制潜水蒸发和盐分上返方面的效果优于单一隔层。

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