明清苜蓿植物图考
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 野苜蓿;;黄花苜蓿;;紫花苜蓿;;南苜蓿;;手绘图;;插图
期刊名称:草地学报
ISSN: 1007-0435
年卷期: 2026 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)
摘要: 植物手绘图有“植物写真”之美称,在书中具有画龙点睛的作用,在传递植物科学内涵及美学等方面,具有无可替代的作用。在唐代我国就出现了植物手绘图,成为世界上进行植物手绘图最早的国家。苜蓿植物手绘图出现在明代早期朱橚的《救荒本草》,成为世界上最早的苜蓿手绘图,大约在 100 年后,刘文泰的《本草品汇精要》也出现了与朱橚相似的苜蓿图,经考察朱橚和刘文泰记载的苜蓿图为紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa)。再后来,李时珍的《本草纲目》出现了与朱橚不一样的苜蓿图,结合文字解释发现李时珍的苜蓿图,记载的是南苜蓿(Medicagohispida);到了清代晚期吴其濬《植物名实图考》中出现了 3幅不一样的苜蓿图,它们分别是苜蓿(即紫苜蓿)、野苜蓿(一)(即 Medicago falcata)、野苜蓿(二)(即南苜蓿)。采用文献收集考证的方法,对明清载有苜蓿图的 9部典籍中的 11幅图进行了考析,基于苜蓿图与文字解释,结合现代苜蓿植物学研究成果,基本理清了我国明清苜蓿手绘图的物种指向。
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