数字农科院2.0

盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境 足迹及经济效益的协同效应

文献类型： 中文期刊

关键词： 盐碱地;;麦后复种绿肥;;氮肥减施;;小麦产量;;碳;;氮足迹;;环境经济效益;;根茬还田

期刊名称：中国农业科学

ISSN： 0578-1752

年卷期： 2025 年

页码：

收录情况： 北大核心（2023版） ; ; CSCD（2025-2026年度） ; ; 科技核心（2024版） ; ; 农林核心（2024版）

摘要： 摘要：【目的】探究盐碱地麦后复种绿肥结合氮肥减施对小麦产量、碳氮足迹及经济环境效益的影响，推动生态脆弱区农业由“增产导向”向“资源节约、环境友好、经济效益合理”三维目标协同转变，为区域农业绿色转型与盐碱地高效利用提供科学依据与实践路径。【方法】依托于内蒙古河套灌区巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学院园子渠试验基地开展麦后复种绿肥裂区试验， 主区为绿肥还田方式：绿肥仅根茬还田（GMR）、绿肥地上部与根茬共同还田（GMRS）；副区为春小麦季氮肥施用水平：常规施氮（200 kg N·hm-2，N100）、减施10%氮肥（180 kg N·hm-2，N90）和减施20%氮肥（160 kg N·hm-2，N80）；设置麦后休闲不种绿肥处理（CK）作为对照，共设7 个处理。【结果】与麦后休闲处理（CK）相比，不同施氮水平下绿肥还田（GMR 与GMRS）使得小麦增产6.2%—23.5%。麦后复种绿肥小麦生产的碳、氮足迹分别为0.23—0.52 kg CO2 eq·kg-1、4.53—7.89 g N·kg-1。相较于CK，绿肥还田处理碳、氮足迹分别降低了13.0%—54.6%、27.3%—47.6%。麦后休闲处理（CK）因温室气体（GHG）排放和活性氮（Nr）损失造成的环境损害成本最大，为5 053 元。在不同施氮水平下（N100、N90、N80）GMRS 处理损害成本较GMR 处理分别增加了5.0%、7.7%、10.6%。从损害成本构成看，人体健康损害成本占比最大，为47.1%—52.1%。GMR 相较GMRS 处理显著提升了生态系统净经济效益，分别增加6 742、5 301 和8 567 元，对应增幅为24.2%、20.9%和35.9%，体现了其更优的经济-生态双重效益。【结论】实施“绿肥还田+减氮”的田间管理措施，不仅可以保障小麦产量，控制温室气体与活性氮损失，还可以显著增加经济收益，也为生态脆弱区实现可持续增效农业提供了实践路径。

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