文献类型： 中文期刊

关键词： 盐碱地;;有机物料;;智能滴灌;;土壤理化性质;;植物养分;;产量

期刊名称：中国农业科学

ISSN： 0578-1752

年卷期： 2025 年

页码：

收录情况： 北大核心（2023版） ; ; CSCD（2025-2026年度） ; ; 科技核心（2024版） ; ; 农林核心（2024版）

摘要： Abstract:【Objective】In response to the issues of low soil fertility and water-salt imbalance constraining sunflower production in the saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Irrigation Area (YRIA) in Inner Mongolia, this study investigated the regulatory effects of an intelligent drip irrigation-based water-fertilizer coupling regime on the saline-alkaline soil properties, as well as on sunflower growth and yield.【Method】Based on a two-year field study, this research employed a two-factor split-plot design conducted in Dalate Banner, Inner Mongolia, during 2023-2024. Sunflower was used as the test crop, with two irrigation methods, including surface irrigation and drip irrigation-assigned to the main plots, and four fertilization regimes applied in the sub-plots: chemical fertilizer alone (F), chemical fertilizer plus straw incorporation (FS), chemical fertilizer combined with cow manure (FM), and chemical fertilizer supplemented with high-carbon basal fertilizer (FH). The study evaluated the effects of different water-fertilizer management strategies on soil physicochemical properties, sunflower yield and quality, as well as nutrient physiological efficiency. 【Result】Based on the two-year experimental period, the intelligent drip irrigation coupled with integrated water-fertilization practice significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the 0-40 cm layer by 41.2%, increased soil moisture content by 15.0%, elevated nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - -N) content by 37.8%, and enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 10.8%, compared with traditional flood irrigation with conventional fertilization. Under traditional flood irrigation, the application of organic amendments significantly decreased EC by 7.3%-27.0% and reduced pH by 0.08-0.51 units relative to the chemical-fertilizer-only (F) treatment, while increasing SOC by 3.8%-13.0%, NO3 - -N by 9.2%-58.2%, available phosphorus (AP) by 32.2%-62.7%, and available potassium (AK) by 12.4%-22.7% in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments led to a reduction in EC by 3.7%-28.5% and increased in SOC by 4.3%-9.5%, NO3 - -N by 17.2%-61.4%, AP by 20.3%-48.8%, and AK by 3.6%-26.6%, compared with F treatment. In terms of crop performance, integrated intelligent drip irrigation with fertigation significantly enhanced sunflower plant height and stem diameter by 16.7% and 85.4%, respectively, over traditional flood irrigation. Nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE) and phosphorus physiological efficiency (PPE) increased by 26.6% and 34.1%, respectively; biomass yield and grain yield rose by 12.8% and 89.5%, respectively; and water use efficiency (WUE) improved by 67.7%. Under traditional flood irrigation, organic amendments significantly raised plant height by 16.7%-17.5%, PPE by 27.1%, biomass yield by 37.0%-43.9%, grain yield by 6.0%-25.2%, WUE by 6.0%-25.2%, kernel percentage by 13.0%-17.9%, and grain fat content by 9.7% compared with F treatment. Under intelligent drip irrigation, organic amendments significantly improved plant height by 7.6%, NPE by 15.2%-17.2%, PPE by 17.2%, biomass yield by 23.7%, grain yield by 4.6%-20.4%, WUE by 4.6%-20.4%, kernel percentage by 6.2%-10.2%, and grain fat content by 3.3% relative to F treatment. Mantel analysis indicated that biomass yield and grain yield were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, SOC, plant height, stem diameter, NPE, and PPE (P＜0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with pH and EC. In summary, the combined application of intelligent drip irrigation with water-fertilizer integration, particularly in conjunction with cow manure or high-carbon basal fertilizer, demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, representing the most suitable water and fertilizer management strategy for saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River irrigation area. 【Conclusion】 The integrated water-fertilizer regime under smart drip irrigation, combined with organic amendments, enhanced saline-alkali soil quality and sunflower productivity by effectively reducing soil salinity, improving nutrient availability, and increasing crop physiological efficiency.

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