菌核青霉 HY5 中 3,5-二甲基苔色酸类混源萜的结构 及其除草活性
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 菌核青霉;;DMOA 类混源萜;;结构鉴定;;除草活性;;作用机制;;茉莉酸信号通路;;色氨酸代谢途径
期刊名称:中国农业科学
ISSN: 0578-1752
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)
摘要: 【背景】3,5-二甲基苔色酸(3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid,DMOA)类混源萜化学结构多样,生物活性广泛,然而对其农用生物活性鲜有报道。化学除草剂易造成杂草抗性增强并引发环境问题,亟需研发新型生物除草剂。【目的】从菌核青霉( Penicillium sclerotiorum)HY5 中挖掘 DMOA 类混源萜,评价其除草活性,初步阐明其作用机制,为开发新型天然产物除草剂提供先导分子。【方法】运用正/反相硅胶柱层析、薄层层析、Sephadex LH-20 凝胶柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法分离 DMOA 类混源萜,采用核磁(NMR)、质谱(MS)等方法对化合物进行结构鉴定;运用种子萌发抑制法测定化合物对牛筋草( Eleusine indica)、狗尾草( Setaria viridis)、反枝苋( Amaranthus retroflexus)和三叶草( Trifolium repens)的除草活性;采用非线性回归分析方法,计算活性化合物的 EC50;采用转录组-代谢组联用的方法初步分析活性化合物的除草作用机制。【结果】从 HY5 发酵提取物中获得了 9 个 DMOA 类混源萜,分别为 berkeleydione( 1)、preaustinoid A3( 2)、miniolutelide B( 3)、22-poxyberkeleydione( 4)、22-deoxyminiolutelide B( 5)、miniolutelide C( 6)、berkeleyacteal( 7)、preaustinoid A2( 8)和 berkeleyacetal A( 9)。化合物 4 对双子叶杂草三叶草表现出明显的促生 效果,对胚根和胚芽生长的促进率分别达到 30.5%和 55.1%。化合物 3、 4、 5 和 6 对单子叶杂草狗尾草和牛筋草种子具有显著的萌发抑制作用,其中化合物 6 的除草活性最强,抑制牛筋草胚根和胚芽伸长的 EC50 分别达到 19.1 和 17.9 μg·mL-1,强于对照药剂草甘膦(30.9 和 66.2 μg·mL-1)。同时发现,化合物对胚根伸长的抑制效果优于对胚芽效果。进一步研究表明,化合物 6 通过双重调控机制抑制杂草种子萌发:一方面,降解茉莉酸信号通路中的 JAZ 蛋白,从而促进脱落酸合成;另一方面,干扰色氨酸代谢途径,导致血清素的异常积累,最终抑制杂草的生长。【结论】DMOA 类混源萜结构新颖,对单子叶杂草具有明显的除草活性,有望开发成为新型天然产物除草剂。
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