数字农科院2.0

Insights into salt adaptation from comparative genomics of Scirpus mariqueter and a related freshwater species

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Ruidong Qin;Haoke Deng;Shuo Peng;Ruoqiu Wang;Zhi Zhou He;Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng;Chuanzheng Wei;Shichao Sun;Yuliang Chen;Hongru Wang;Wenju Zhang

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关键词： Bolboschoenus planiculmis;carbohydrate metabolism;comparative genomics;halophytic adaptation;karyotype;Scirpus mariqueter

期刊名称： Plant Journal

ISSN： 0960-7412

年卷期： 2025 年 124 卷 5 期

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： The evolutionary mechanisms underlying ecological divergence between closely related species remain a central question in biology. Scirpus mariqueter is a coastal halophyte thriving in the saline intertidal zone and exhibits marked adaptive differences compared to its freshwater relative Bolboschoenus planiculmis. However, the genomic and physiological bases of its salt tolerance remain poorly understood. We generated high-quality genome assemblies for both species and investigated the anatomical and physiological innovations underpinning S. mariqueter's adaptation to extreme environments. Morphological analyses revealed that S. mariqueter evolved specialized traits—including denser leaf palisade tissues, enhanced stem aerenchyma, and compact root cortices—synergistically limiting salt intrusion. Using chromosome-level genomes, we identified lineage-specific expansions in S. mariqueter of gene families critical for salinity tolerance, including those regulating carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic fidelity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. Strikingly, germin-like protein (GLP) and wound-induced protein (WIP) families contain tandem repeats mediating ROS scavenging and cell wall integrity, underwent adaptive expansion, paralleling anatomical innovations. Physiological profiling under salt stress confirmed S. mariqueter's unique capacity to maintain photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate production, directly linking genomic adaptations to functional resilience. This study reveals an adaptive strategy whereby structural modifications, diversification of stress-responsive gene families, and metabolic stability collectively enable S. mariqueter to thrive in saline ecosystems.

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