Square-sowing patterns enhance mixed grass/legume communities of Elymus nutans and Onobrychis viciifolia production in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Wen Ren;Changxing Lin;Zhixin Zhang;Yuying Shen
作者机构：
关键词： Alpine regions;Border effect;Forage yield;Functional forage;Interspecific competition;Sowing patterns
期刊名称： Industrial Crops and Products
ISSN： 0926-6690
年卷期： 2025 年 223 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）
摘要： Perennial forages possess enormous energy potential in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, and choosing a reasonable community arrangement is crucial for preventing alpine grassland degradation and enhancing forage yield. To explore the optimal arrangement for mixed communities with improved interspecific relationships and high yield, we established four mixed communities in Tianzhu County on the Qinghai Tibetan during 2018–2019, which were labeled as S0 (traditional broadcast) and S25/50/100 (Elymus nutans and Onobrychis viciifolia alternately planted in squares measuring by 25 cm, 50 cm or 100 cm). The results showed that S50 and S100 had negative effects on E. nutans biomass accumulation in 2018 and July 2019, yet favored the production of O. viciifolia. However, middle square sizes (S25 and S50) offered advantages such as mitigating intraspecific and interspecific competition, and enhancing land use efficiency, thereby benefiting the yield production of both species after August in the second year. Additionally, square sizes and distributive positions had a significant impact on leaf SPADs, with S25, S50, and areas 25 cm away from the border being conducive to O. viciifolia SPAD. Border benefits were beneficial for forage production, and the four corners (25 cm×25 cm) of S100, favored E. nutans production but were disadvantageous for O. viciifolia. Higher absolute height had positively influenced forage production in the second year, and natural height decided the optimum harvesting period (August 2019). Cutting twice reduced forage loss due to lodging, and S25 or S50 had better performance in forage regrowth. Hence, spatial structure significantly affects forage yield accumulation in mixed communities. Our study confirms that enhancing production can be achieved by square-sowing patterns to create border effects and competitive advantages, especially S25 and S50 in alpine regions. This verifies the feasibility of enhancing potential energy forage production by adjusting the square size to alter competitive relationships in alpine mixed communities.
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