Tracking Cadmium Transfer from Soil to Cup: An Electrochemical Sensing Strategy Based on Bi3+-Rich MOFs for Tea Safety Monitoring
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: Jiaoling Wang;Zhengyin Ding;Xinxin Wu;Xindong Wang;Hao Li;Minchen Zhu;Xinai Zhang
作者机构:
关键词: cadmium detection;electrochemical sensor;heavy metal migration;metal–organic framework (MOF);tea safety evaluation
期刊名称: Foods
ISSN: 2304-8158
年卷期: 2025 年 14 卷 21 期
页码:
收录情况: SCIE(2025版)
摘要: Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, yet increasing environmental cadmium (Cd2+) contamination poses a serious threat to consumer safety. Understanding the migration pathway of Cd2+ from contaminated soils through tea plants into brewed infusions is essential for comprehensive risk assessment across the entire tea supply chain. However, conventional analytical methods for Cd2+ detection are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for rapid or on-site monitoring. In this study, we developed a facile, sensitive, and selective electrochemical sensing platform based on a Bi3+-rich metal–organic framework (MOF(Bi)) for reliable Cd2+ quantification in various tea-related matrices. The MOF(Bi) was synthesized via a solvothermal method and directly immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in a one-step modification process. To enhance Cd2+ preconcentration, cysteine was introduced as a complexing agent, while Nafion was employed to stabilize the sensing interface and improve reproducibility. The resulting Nafion/cys/MOF(Bi)/GCE sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity with a wide linear range from 0.2 and 25 μg/L, a low detection limit of 0.18 μg/L (S/N = 3), high selectivity against common interfering ions, and good stability. This platform enabled accurate tracking of Cd2+ transfer from polluted garden soil to raw tea leaves and finally into tea infusions, showing strong correlation with ICP-MS results. Our strategy not only offers a practical tool for on-site food safety monitoring but also provides new insights into heavy metal transfer behavior during tea production and consumption.
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