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Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in China Coast: A Whole-Estuary Investigation

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhou, Xuan;Shi, Yajuan;Lu, Yonglong;Wang, Chenchen;Qian, Li;Xu, Qiuyun;Li, Xuan;Shao, Xiuqing

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期刊名称： ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY

ISSN： 2096-4129

年卷期： 2025 年 11 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; CSCD（2025-2026年度）

摘要： The extensive usage and emission of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) pose potential hazards to aquatic environments. However, the large-scale distribution, concentrations, and ecological risks of PPCPs in China surface waters remain unclear due to the limited toxicity data for aquatic species. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of 30 PPCPs throughout China coastal estuarine areas. Toxicity data of untested species were extrapolated through a model prediction to derive comprehensive environmental thresholds and enable accurate risk assessment. The detected PPCP concentrations along China coastal areas ranged from 0.03 to 4,913.43 ng/l. Environmental thresholds indicated that beta-blockers, anti-inflammatory agents, and caffeine exhibited greater toxicity to aquatic organisms than antibiotics. Ecotoxicological data considered did not include antibiotic biocide effects on microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance phenomena. The results of risk screening revealed that anti-inflammatory drugs and caffeine posed higher ecological risks than antibiotics. Caffeine reached medium- to high-risk levels in most coastal areas. The integrated ecological risks of anti-inflammatory drugs and caffeine also exceeded those of antibiotics. The probabilistic risks assessment demonstrated that caffeine and carbamazepine exceeded thresholds in most coastal provinces, with carbamazepine risk reaching 31% in Hebei Province and caffeine reaching 6.4% in Tianjin. The probabilistic risks of high-risk PPCPs in coastal areas were ranked as follows: caffeine (3.44%), carbamazepine (2.91%), erythromycin (1.07%), metoprolol (0.93%), bezafibrate (0.66%), and norfloxacin (0.06%). Comprehensive ecological risk assessment revealed that caffeine demonstrates potential as the indicator for both pollution mitigation strategies and environmental early warning.

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