Dual-pathway degradation of TNT in soil by Fe0-activited persulfate: From mechanism to pilot-scale application
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: You Li;Junpeng Luo;Xiaoyong Liao;Hongying Cao;Junting Pan;Haonan Li
作者机构:
关键词: Chemical oxidation;Mechanism;Persulfate;Soil;Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
期刊名称: Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947
年卷期: 2025 年 520 卷
页码:
收录情况: SCIE(2025版) ; ; EI(2025版)
摘要: The escalation of international armed conflicts has exacerbated the environmental hazards posed by the leakage and remnants of military energetic compounds, presenting substantial challenges to post-war reconstruction efforts. The development of effective remediation technologies for energetic compound contamination is therefore imperative. This study investigates the degradation effects of various activated persulfate (PS) treatments on soil-bound trinitrotoluene (TNT), exploring the oxidative degradation process and mechanisms under optimal conditions, and conducted a pilot-scale experiment to verify the practical application of the technology. Results indicate that Fe0 activated PS exhibits the highest efficiency in degrading TNT in soil, achieving a removal rate of up to 97.0 % under conditions of a soil-to-water ratio of 1:5, PS:Fe0 = 1:3, initial PS concentration of 0.10 mol/L, pH = 6, and a temperature of 55 °C. The oxidation process via Fe0 activated PS generates four active radicals: SO4•−, ·OH, O2•−, and 1O2, with SO4•− and O2•− playing pivotal roles as key radicals. Post-oxidation, the soil exhibits an increase in high-valence iron content, while C[sbnd]C, C[dbnd]C, C[sbnd]H, and C[sbnd]O fractions decrease. Coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, the study identifies TNT's oxidation intermediates, unveiling two degradation pathways: direct oxidation and reduction-oxidation pathways. Additionally, the pilot-scale experiment confirmed that Fe0 activated PS is capable of effectively remediating TNT-contaminated soil. These findings provide deeper insights into the impact, mechanisms, and practical effectiveness of activated PS in degrading TNT in soil, offering a new theoretical foundation and technical approach for remediating soils contaminated by energetic compounds.
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