数字农科院2.0

Electrochemical sensors revolutionize plant nitrogen monitoring: Real-time, in situ detection for precision agriculture

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Jiayao Wulan;Anqi Bao;Kai Li;Chaoyue Gu;Lidong Cao;Yuqing Lin

作者机构：

关键词： Artificial intelligence;Electrochemical sensor;In-situ;Plant nitrogen species;Precision agriculture

期刊名称： Talanta

ISSN： 0039-9140

年卷期： 2025 年 298 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： Driven by the dual imperatives of global food security and agricultural sustainability, dynamic plant nitrogen monitoring technology has emerged as a research focus in precision agriculture. This technology represents a critical breakthrough over traditional methods-limited by inadequate sensitivity and temporal resolution-by enabling real-time, in situ detection of dynamically fluctuating nitrogen species. This review synthesizes breakthroughs in detecting inorganic (e.g., NO3−, NH4+, NO) and organic nitrogen species, emphasizing their role in advancing precision agriculture. Key innovations include amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric sensors characterized by sub-micromolar detection limits, sub-second response times, and minimal matrix interference. Amperometric sensors, based on the Faradaic current response mechanism at polarized micro/nanoelectrode interfaces, can convert electron transfer processes of redox-active nitrogen species such as NO3− and NO into high-time-resolution concentration trajectories. Their excellent RC time constant properties (<100 μs) and signal-to-noise ratio performance make them unique tools for capturing transient enzymatic reactions. Potentiometric sensors regulate interfacial potentials through ion-selective electrodes or all-solid-state polymer membranes, generating Nernstian response signals without external polarization-a feature that offers significant advantages in long-term field monitoring scenarios. Impedimetric sensors establish indirect characterization methods for nitrogen species adsorption, hydrolysis, and complexation processes by analyzing changes in charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Their unique anti-matrix interference capability enables successful label-free discrimination of organic nitrogen metabolites in high-background samples such as microfiltered xylem sap and soil leachates. Compatible with portable platforms, these sensors allow direct integration into plant tissues or growth media, providing continuous data on nitrogen uptake kinetics and metabolic flux. Beyond analytical performance, electrochemical sensing technologies support sustainable agricultural development by reducing excessive fertilizer use and environmental pollution. Integrating sensor networks with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks enables autonomous fertilization strategies tailored to real-time plant nitrogen demands. Case studies in maize and algal systems demonstrate enhanced crop resilience and yield. Future research directions include wearable biointerfaces, laser-patterned microelectromechanical systems, and AI-driven data fusion to realize zero-waste nitrogen cycles. By bridging electrochemistry and plant biology, this work positions electrochemical sensing as a cornerstone of smart agriculture, addressing global challenges in food security and nitrogen efficiency.

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