数字农科院2.0

6PPD and 6PPD-Q in terrestrial environments: Environmental fate, ecological effects, and mitigation approaches

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Hifza Iqbal;Xinwei Shi;Weitao Liu;Abdul Mateen Baig;Hamra Tariq;Aurang Zeb;Sheharyar Khan;Yuebing Sun;Jing An

作者机构：

关键词： Bioaccumulation;Emerging contaminant;Environmental transformation;Microbial disruption;Risk assessment;Soil ecotoxicology

期刊名称： Applied Soil Ecology

ISSN： 0929-1393

年卷期： 2025 年 216 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版）

摘要： Tire wear particles (TWPs) release N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), into terrestrial ecosystems, threatening soil environments. This review critically evaluates the environmental occurrence, transformation pathways, terrestrial ecological impacts, and emerging human health risks. Originating from tire abrasion, runoff, and biosolid application, these compounds undergo oxidative transformations driven by ozone, UV radiation, and microbial activity, resulting in strong sorption to soil organic matter and prolonged persistence. Reported concentrations in soils and dust range from tens of ng/g to several μg/kg, highlighting their accumulation potential. Consequently, they disrupt soil microbial communities, plant physiology, and soil fauna, with crop uptake raising food chain contamination risks. Although Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enables precise detection, challenges in complex soil matrices remain. Effective mitigation includes eco-friendly tire formulations, stormwater management, and bioremediation. However, regulatory frameworks lack terrestrial focus, requiring hazard classification and soil monitoring. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers in advancing the understanding of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q risks to terrestrial ecosystems.

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