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Distinctive Immunological Signatures Define Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Persistence in Vaccinated Cattle

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhang, Zhihui;Teng, Zhidong;Wang, Shuang;Mu, Suyu;Wei, Sumin;Dong, Hu;Yin, Shuanghui;Zhang, Yun;Ding, Yaozhong;Li, Yijing;Sun, Shiqi;Guo, Huichen

作者机构：

期刊名称： TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES

ISSN： 1865-1674

年卷期： 2025 年 2025 卷 1 期

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收录情况： SCIE（2025版）

摘要： Persistent infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) develops in over 50% of infected ruminants, presenting major obstacles to disease control and eradication. To clarify host immune correlates of FMDV persistence, we characterized systemic T- and B-cell responses, as well as mucosal responses in 15 vaccinated cattle following experimental FMDV challenge. The prevalence of FMDV persistence was 53.3%. While peripheral CD4+, CD8+, and gamma delta T-cell populations and their respective na & iuml;ve/memory/effector subpopulations showed comparable frequencies between carriers and noncarriers, carriers exhibited significantly lower frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes during early infection, indicating compromised cell-mediated immune responses essential for viral clearance. During persistent infection, carriers displayed a distinctive immunological profile characterized by significantly reduced peripheral B-cell frequencies and increased secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF), with comparable systemic antigen-specific and neutralizing antibody titers across groups throughout the study period. Notably, the combination of peripheral B cell frequencies with OPF sIgA levels demonstrated superior diagnostic specificity for vaccinated carrier identification compared to either indicator alone. Our findings highlight key immune features of FMDV persistence and propose a dual-biomarker approach for detecting asymptomatic carriers.

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