数字农科院2.0

Sources and occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in industrial wastewater and assessment of current treatment approaches: A review

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yonghui Jia;Yuanbo Li;Shuping Kang;Chuanxia Li;Gabriel Munoz;Shilai Hao;Feng Xiao;Yue Zhi;Caihong Liu;Chuhui Zhang

作者机构：

关键词： Electronics industry;Electroplating wastewater;Industrial wastewater;Occurrence;PFAS

期刊名称： Journal of Hazardous Materials

ISSN： 1873-3336

年卷期： 2025 年 499 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： This study provides a global review of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence in industrial wastewater from six key industrial sectors and critically evaluates the performance of currently employed treatment processes for removing PFAS from wastewater. The analysis incorporates publicly available data (2006.11–2025.02) from 205 industrial sites across Asia, Europe, and North America. The dataset includes 1635 concentration records from targeted analysis (77 PFAS) and 137 records from non-targeted analysis (31 PFAS). The results revealed pronounced sectoral clustering in terms of data availability: fluorochemical, electronics, textile, and electroplating wastewater data accounted for over 85 % of the dataset, while PFAS data remaining were limited for pharmaceuticals and food processing. PFAS concentrations spanned ∼12 orders of magnitude in industrial wastewater (2.1 ×10−3 to 1.7 ×109 ng/L). Fluorochemical wastewater exhibited the highest diversity (73 PFAS), dominated by short-chain and emerging PFAS. Electronics industry wastewater showed a shift toward short- and ultrashort-chain PFAS, while textile wastewater featured overall lower PFAS concentrations but was enriched in long-chain PFAS and ether-based alternatives. Electroplating effluents contained elevated levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its replacement (perfluoro (2-(6-chlorohexyl) oxy) ethanesulfonic acid and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid). Analysis of 734 PFAS data records from 21 full-scale industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) showed that advanced processes such as adsorption, membrane technology, and the Fenton process achieved removal rates exceeding 90 % for long-chain PFAS (e.g., PFOS), which is substantially higher than the < 50 % removal typically observed for traditional processes. This study highlights the complexity and persistence of industrial PFAS pollution, calling for enhanced monitoring of PFAS and their precursors, development of effective and sustainable treatment technologies, and implementation of life-cycle-based regulatory frameworks to reduce environmental and health risks.

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