Broad-spectrum vaccines against various and evolving viruses: from antigen design to nanoparticle delivery
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: Cao, Mengxiang;Li, Yongfeng;Song, Xin;Lu, Zhanhao;Zhai, Huanjie;Qiu, Hua-Ji;Sun, Yuan
作者机构:
关键词: broad-spectrum immune response;vaccine;antigen design;nanoparticle delivery
期刊名称: JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
ISSN: 0022-538X
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: SCIE(2025版)
摘要: Pathogen evolution and narrow vaccine coverage urgently demand broad-spectrum vaccines. This review explores two pivotal technological fronts: structural biology- and immunoinformatics-guided antigen design, and utilizing nanoparticle-based delivery systems to induce broad immune responses. We critically analyze four antigen optimization strategies: (i) structure-based antigen design, (ii) conserved epitope targeting, (iii) consensus sequence-based antigen engineering, and (iv) chimeric immunogen design. Additionally, the common types and characteristics of nanoparticles are described briefly. Subsequently, we delve into cutting-edge applications of nanoparticles to enhance immune protection, including mosaic and cocktail nanoparticle vaccines, surface-modified targeting strategies, and the integration of mRNA technology with virus-like particles (VLPs). In conclusion, this review synthesizes risk-benefit analyses of existing strategies, current challenges, and emerging opportunities, offering practical frameworks to facilitate broad-spectrum vaccine innovation and enhance pandemic preparedness.
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