数字农科院2.0

Eco-compensation for organic farms integrating internalities and externalities based on temporal and spatial heterogeneity

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Lin Gao;Jixiao Cui;Zuwei Fan;Xinhui Huang;Yuanquan Chen;Guishen Zhao

作者机构：

关键词： Eco-compensation;Ecological sensitivity;Externality;Internality;Organic farming

期刊名称： Environmental Impact Assessment Review

ISSN： 0195-9255

年卷期： 2025 年 112 卷

页码：

收录情况： SSCI（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： There is an urgent demand to update eco-compensation standards for organic farming since unfair distribution that might hamper smallholders' incentives to green practices. However, the current payment method is inadequate because it fails to fully consider internalities (i.e., economic costs, labor opportunity costs) and externalities (i.e., environmental costs, ecosystem services), especially for organic farming households in ecologically sensitive regions. Hence, in this study, we presented a framework for reaching fair distribution of eco-compensation in organic farming under dynamic variations of internalities and externalities together with spatial heterogeneity. The core objective of this framework was maximizing the fairness of eco-compensation by allowing for spatial heterogeneity of the eco-compensation benchmark obtained by the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). Furthermore, the proposed framework was tested using a case study of tea production in Simao District, Puer City, Yunnan Province, China, involving conventional tea farms (CTFs), organic tea farms (OTFs), and organic rain tea farms (ORTFs). The results show that the NVES (OTFs = 17,446.06 USD•ha−1•a, ORTFs = 18,723.29 USD•ha−1•a, and CTFs = 15,274.67 USD•ha−1•a) accurately reflected the impact of organic farming on both nature and society. The benchmark dynamics analysis based on the bonding of the NVES and organic farming development stages indicate that the government only needs to provide eco-compensation during the initial and growth stages of organic farming. Moreover, the economic–ecological synergy scenario (OTFs = 2000.97 USD•ha−1•a, ORTFs = 3176.23 USD•ha−1•a) represented the most reasonable way of determining appropriate eco-compensation for organic farming. In summary, this framework offered policymakers a tool of determining the eco-compensation standards and distributing eco-compensation fairly to organic farmers based on temporal and spatial heterogeneity.

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