数字农科院2.0

Biochar-enhanced ex situ fermentation for rural toilet waste treatment: GHG mitigation and humification

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Luyao Li;Changxiong Zhu;Bing Geng;Liangguo Luo

作者机构：

关键词： Biochar;Ex situ fermentation system;Greenhouse gas;Humification;Rural toilet waste

期刊名称： Environmental Technology and Innovation

ISSN： 2352-1864

年卷期： 2025 年 40 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： Sustainable management of rural toilet waste (feces, urine, toilet flushing water) is vital for improving living environments. Ex situ fermentation systems (EFSs) offer a promising solution but they still face challenges related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigated the effects of different biochar (BC) concentrations on GHG emissions and humification during toilet waste treatment in EFSs. BC addition significantly reduced N2O (36.14 %–38.56 %) and CH4 (14.20 %–31.69 %) emissions compared with the CK. This mitigation effect was likely driven by dynamic changes in functional gene abundance: decreased denitrifying genes (nirS and nirK; 15.38–20.95 %) alongside increased nosZ (39.17 %) and pmoA (32.81 %) gene abundance. BC also accelerated the degradation of total organic carbon, enhanced the humification (increasing fulvic acid (FA) content by 9.51 %–19.23 %), and stimulated the proliferation of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Pearson's correlation and Mantel tests emphasized that GHG emissions were closely related to physicochemical factors and microorganisms. Specifically, CH4 emissions were jointly regulated by TOC dynamics and pmoA gene abundance, while nosZ gene was the primary N2O suppressor. Factor analysis identified 10 % BC as optimal, minimizing GHG emissions while maximizing humification efficiency (HA/FA ratio = 1.80). This study confirms that BC can be used in EFSs to achieve low-carbon treatment and resource utilization of rural toilet waste, providing key insights for evaluating the environmental sustainability of rural sanitation systems.

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