数字农科院2.0

Integrating source-sink coordination and pod-setting optimization: A field study on plant density effects for soybean productivity enhancement in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Lei Yang;Xiaofei Chen;Wenjun Jin;Jie Zhou;Yi Xu;Ruixian Liu;Wenwen Song;Lingcong Kong;Zhiping Huang;Xiangbei Du

作者机构：

关键词： Plant density;Pod-setting characteristics;Population and individual productivity;Source-sink constraints

期刊名称： Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

ISSN： 2666-1543

年卷期： 2025 年 22 卷

页码：

收录情况： ESCI（2025版）

摘要： Increasing plant density (PD) has proven effective in maximizing yield worldwide, but the optimal PD for soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and its physiological mechanisms remain unclear. To address this gap, a two-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of six PDs (135,000, 180,000, 225,000, 270,000, 315,000, and 360,000 plants ha−1) on plant characteristics, source parameters (leaf area index (LAI) and light interception rate (LIR)), sink traits (seed number and weight), pod-setting characteristics (seeds per pod and pod spatial distribution), and productivity. Results showed that as PD increased, individual-level relative productivity variation (RPV) decreased by 2.1% per additional 10,000 plants ha−1, while population-level RPV and seed yield peaked at 315,000 plants ha−1. This indicates that higher densities can offset declines in individual productivity up to 315,000 plants ha−1, boosting total yield by 2.6% per additional 10,000 plants ha−1, driven by increases in LAI (1.9%) and LIR (1.1%). Beyond 315,000 plants ha−1, however, seeds per m2 and 100-seed weight declined despite continued increases in plant height, LAI, and LIR, signaling a shift in photoassimilate allocation to stems and leaves at the expense of yield sinks. These findings highlight a transition from source-limited to sink-limited yield constraints as PD rises. Additionally, higher PD improved yield by increasing the proportions of 3-seed pod, middle-node pod, and main stem pod. Overall, 270,000 and 315,000 plants ha−1 delivered the highest economic returns and seed yield, attributed to balanced individual and population productivity, optimized source-sink relationships, and improved pod-setting characteristics, making them the most suitable densities for regional soybean cultivation. This study offers new insights into the source-sink dynamics and pod-setting mechanisms under varying PDs and proposes a 22%–40% increase in PD over current standards (225,000 plants ha−1) as an effective high-yield strategy to address the region's soybean production shortfall.

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