不同土壤消毒技术治理设施甜瓜土传病害及 增产效果研究
文献类型: 中文期刊
关键词: 土传病害;; 连作障碍;; 土壤消毒技术;; 熏蒸剂;; 火焰消毒技术
期刊名称:植物保护
ISSN: 0529-1542
年卷期: 2025 年
页码:
收录情况: 北大核心(2023版) ; ; CSCD(2025-2026年度) ; ; 科技核心(2024版) ; ; 农林核心(2024版)
摘要: 设施甜瓜倒茬轮作困难,长期连作导致土传病害发生加重,甜瓜减产降质。采用土壤消毒技术可预防土传病 害发生,但适合甜瓜的土壤消毒技术尚不明确。本研究基于田间大区药效试验准则,系统评价6种土壤消毒技术 (T1:99%二甲基二硫原药;T2:T1+42%威百亩水剂;T3:T1+80%乙蒜素乳油;T4:98%棉隆颗粒剂;T5:T4+ 1.8%阿维菌素乳油+秸秆还田;T6:火焰消毒)对甜瓜土传病原物控制效果及其对产量和经济效益的影响。结果 表明,二甲基二硫与威百亩(60g/m2+50g/m2)或乙蒜素(60g/m2+28g/m2)复配处理对土传病原物防效达 98.3%~100.0%,显著优于其他处理(犘<0.05),可使甜瓜增产37.0%,净收入增加31.8%。棉隆处理(45g/m2) 防效为98.2%~100%,增产23.5%,净收入增加17.5%。二甲基二硫单剂对根结线虫防效达100.0%,但对土传 病原物的防效显著低于复配处理。火焰消毒对土传病原物防效达到81.1%以上。基于经济效益与防治效果,建议 在根结线虫重发区优先采用二甲基二硫单剂处理;在根结线虫和土传病原物复合发病区采用二甲基二硫与威百亩 复配处理;在农闲期短或低温条件下,可选用火焰消毒技术作为替代方案。本研究结果为设施甜瓜土传病害的综合 防控提供了科学依据和技术支撑。
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