数字农科院2.0

Formation of surface characteristics on biochar and its effect in heavy metal immobilization: Insights from endogenous substances transformation

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yi Wu;Zhongxin Tan;Tuo Zhou;Wanglong Guo;Yuhang Yan;Junting Pan

作者机构：

关键词： Biochar;Endogenous substances;Heavy metals;Mineral nutrients;Pyrolysis

期刊名称： Chemical Engineering Journal

ISSN： 1385-8947

年卷期： 2025 年 526 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： Pyrolytic biochar from agricultural residues offers a promising approach for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. Nevertheless, the roles of endogenous components, including inherent minerals and organic substances, in regulating the physicochemical and structural characteristics of biochar remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, biochar was prepared and characterized under different pyrolysis conditions, including 400 °C (BN400), 600 °C (BN600), and 800 °C (BN800) in N2 atmosphere; under CO2 (BC400) and air-limited (BA400) conditions at 400 °C; and after removing water-soluble (DWN400) or mineral (DMN400) components. Results indicated that pyrolysis conditions profoundly modulated the composition and transformation of endogenous substances, thereby determining biochar properties and remediation efficacy. High-temperature biochar exhibited higher aromaticity and mineral crystallinity, while BC400 and BA400 promoted organic matter degradation and enhanced mineral retention and porosity compared with BN400. Structural alteration was more pronounced in DMN400 than in DWN400 due to the removal of reactive minerals that maintain biochar core characteristics. Pot experiments demonstrated that most biochar increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas DWN400 and DMN400 decreased these parameters. Notably, BN800, BA400, and DMN400 effectively reduced the bioavailability of Cd (9–13 %), Pb (10–14 %), and As (4–18 %) through mineral precipitation and surface complexation. Biochar also significantly reduced Cd and Pb accumulation in rice tissues by 43–98 % and 61–94 %, respectively. However, BN800 and high-dose biochar (HBN400) inhibited rice seedling growth. Additionally, biochar modulated bioavailability and uptake of essential nutrients, particularly K, Fe, and P. These findings can provide strategic guidance for designing targeted biochar amendments to improve soil environmental safety.

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