数字农科院2.0

Recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics for single-nucleotide variant detection

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Mengjun Wang;Qiongzhang Wang;Ting He;Muyang Liu;Zhaowei Zhang;Zhao Li;Tao Li;Ying Li

作者机构：

关键词： CRISPR/Cas;Detection strategies;Precision diagnostics;Single nucleotide variants

期刊名称： TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry

ISSN： 1879-3142

年卷期： 2025 年 194 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版） ; ; EI（2025版）

摘要： Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the most frequent genetic alterations and are closely linked to cancer, infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and hereditary disorders. Their precise detection is essential for early diagnosis, therapy selection, and precision medicine, but conventional methods such as Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and mass spectrometry often suffer from high cost, workflow complexity, and insufficient sensitivity for rare variants. CRISPR-Cas systems have recently emerged as powerful diagnostic tools, offering programmable specificity, collateral cleavage activity, and compatibility with diverse readouts. Recent advances in CRISPR-based platforms have achieved single-nucleotide resolution, attomolar sensitivity, and strong adaptability to point-of-care testing. In this review, we summarize detection strategies across three phases: pre-cleavage target enrichment, in-cleavage mutation discrimination, and post-cleavage signal amplification. We further highlight their clinical applications in cancer genotyping, viral variant surveillance, bacterial resistance profiling, and hereditary disorder diagnosis, and discuss challenges and future opportunities for amplification-free, multiplexed, and clinically standardized deployment.

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