Red phosphorus triggers endogenous iron activation of sludge biochar for peroxymonosulfate activation: Unravelling superoxide radical and non-radical degradation mechanisms
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: Minghui Xiang;Zhikang Deng;Yongfei Ma;Yifan Liu;Xiaoyu Xiang;Han Ding;Ranran Zhang;Hui Lin;Junwei Ma;Yongzhen Ding;Zulin Zhang
作者机构:
关键词: AOPs;Biochar;PMS;Red phosphorus;SMX
期刊名称: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
ISSN: 2213-2929
年卷期: 2026 年 14 卷 2 期
页码:
收录情况: SCIE(2025版) ; ; EI(2025版)
摘要: The integration of modified biochar with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) presents a promising advanced oxidation process for antibiotic removal from water. In this study, we successfully synthesized a red phosphorus (red P)-modified sludge biochar (SBC) catalyst, incorporating zero-valent iron and oxygen vacancies by mechanical ball milling. This synthesis strategy utilized the intrinsic metal content of SBC which enhanced its electron transfer capacity and catalytic activity. The optimized red P/SBC/PMS (PSBC/PMS) system achieved high sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation efficiency (98.68 %) and mineralization rate (> 60 %). Combined electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching experiments confirmed that SMX removal in the PSBC/PMS system proceeded through the radical and non-radical pathways, with superoxide radicals (O2•–) identified as the predominant reactive species in the radical-driven process. And Fe0 played an important role in the non-radical pathway. Further mechanistic studies revealed that PMS served as the primary precursor for O2•– formation. The catalytic system’s degradation efficiency and stability were further validated through a series of ion interference tests, water matrix evaluations, and cycling experiments, which demonstrated the practical applications. This work provides new insights into PMS activation mechanisms by metal-rich biochar catalysts and advances the design of sustainable water treatment technologies.
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