数字农科院2.0

Integrated management of sowing date, density and nitrogen reduces environmental footprints while sustaining cotton yield in the Yellow River Valley

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhang, Peng;Wang, Shuo;Zhang, Yongjiang;Sun, Hongchun;Zhang, Ke;Bai, Zhiying;Zhu, Lingxiao;Wang, Zhanbiao;Dong, Hezhong;Liu, Liantao;Li, Cundong

作者机构：

关键词： Sustainable cotton production;Late sowing;High planting density;Carbon footprint;Nitrogen footprint;Ecosystem economic benefit;Sustainable performance index

期刊名称： EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY

ISSN： 1161-0301

年卷期： 2026 年 174 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2025版）

摘要： Conventional cotton production system in China's Yellow River Valley (mid-April sowing, 45,000 plants ha-1, and 240 kg N ha-1) (MLH) achieve high yield but incurs excessive resource use and environmental costs. Sustainable intensification requires strategies that reconcile productivity, efficiency, and ecological outcomes. Through a three-year (2021-2023) field experiment, we assessed integrated management strategies combining sowing date (normal: mid-April; late: early May), planting density (typical: 45,000; high: 90,000 plants ha-1), and nitrogen rate (conventional: 240 kg N ha-1; reduced: 180 kg N ha-1). Seed cotton yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), energy flows, carbon/nitrogen footprints, and economic returns were quantified, and a sustainable performance index (SPI) was calculated for integrated assessment. Results showed that the late sowing + high density + reduced N rate (LHR) strategy maintained seed cotton yield while significantly increasing NUE by 34.8 % and energy productivity by 15.1 %, compared to the conventional MLH system. This strategy also reduced direct and indirect emissions (fertilizer production, labor), lowering the carbon footprint per unit yield by 34.5 % and nitrogen footprint by 31.9 %. The resultant decrease in environmental costs enhanced net ecosystem economic benefit by 27.1-38.3 %. Consistently, the SPI, integrating productivity, resource efficiency, environmental impact, and economics, confirmed late sowing + high density + reduced N as the optimal strategy for synergistic improvement in economic and ecological outcomes. These findings demonstrate that coordinated optimization of sowing date, density, and nitrogen management enables climate-resilient cotton production with lower emissions and higher resource efficiency-a transferable model for similar agroecosystems. Future integration with precision nitrogen technologies (e.g., deep placement, controlled-release fertilizers) could further amplify sustain-ability gains.

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