数字农科院2.0

Optimizing canopy structure through equal row spacing and appropriate irrigation enhances machine-harvested seed cotton yield and quality

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Fukui Gao;Lu Wang;Yucai Xie;Jingsheng Sun;Huifeng Ning;Qisheng Han;James E. Kanneh;Hao Liu

作者机构：

关键词： Bud and boll distribution;Canopy structure;Impurity content;Irrigation quota;Planting pattern

期刊名称： Industrial Crops and Products

ISSN： 0926-6690

年卷期： 2024 年 216 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCIE（2024版） ; ; EI（2024版）

摘要： The traditional high-density planting method of machine-harvested cotton in Xinjiang, results in an excessive accumulation of leaves on the cotton fruit branches, thereby increasing impurity levels in the harvested cotton and compromising its quality. Therefore, it is imperative to modify the planting patterns and irrigation practices, establish an appropriate canopy structure, optimize the distribution of cotton bolls, enhance defoliation and boll opening processes in order to achieve consistent yield and improved quality. We conducted a 2-year field experiment to assess the impact of different planting patterns and irrigation levels on seed cotton quality. Two planting patterns were implemented in the trial: the first pattern (M1) involved a single film covering three rows with a 76 cm inter-row spacing and a 7 cm intra-row plant spacing; the second pattern (M2) featured a single film over six rows with an alternating row pattern, consisting of 66 cm wide and 10 cm narrow rows, while maintaining a consistent plant spacing of 10 cm. Additionally, Three irrigation quotas (W1: 30 mm, W2: 37.5 mm, W3: 45 mm) were assigned for each planting pattern. We conducted measurements and comparisons of cotton growth, bud and boll distribution, leaf branch number, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). The results revealed that M1 reduced harvest density by 39.81% (P < 0.01) compared to M2, resulting in a more optimal distribution of the cotton canopy structure and effective utilization of light and heat resources. Subsequently, there was a significant increase in light transmittance in the middle and upper part of the cotton canopy by 21.90% during the period from bud stage to flowering stage. Furthermore, fruit branch length increased by 34.47% (P < 0.05), while the number of bolls in the middle and upper part increased by 17.12% (P < 0.01) and 55.87% (P < 0.01), respectively. These improvements were accompanied by a rise in single boll weight by 4.99% (P < 0.05), effectively compensating for reduced yield under low-density conditions. The decrease in fruit branch staggered coefficient α1 decreased the weight of leaves per unit seed cotton yield by 47.20% (P < 0.01), reducing impurity content during machine-harvesting while stabilizing yield and improving quality. Results also indicated that planting pattern had no significant effect on yield or IWUE. Irrigation quota significantly impacted cotton yield primarily affecting single boll weight but displaying no significant effect on impurity content. Under these studied conditions, it is recommended to adopt an equal row spacing planting pattern with an optimum drip irrigation amount ranging 375–450 mm under film which can reduce input costs without sacrificing yields while improving cotton quality and maximizing comprehensive benefits. Our study advances the understanding of efficient cotton planting technology under mulched drip irrigation and providing theoretical guidance and technical support for achieving clean and efficient production of machine-harvested cotton in southern Xinjiang.

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